The President is the head of the State and also the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces. According to Article 53 of the Constitution, all executive powers are vested in the President. The President of India is, however, a titular head, and is bound by the constitution to act upon the advice of the Prime minister and the Council of Ministers.
Eligibility - To be eligible to the office of the President, a candidate must be not less than 35 years of age and qualified to become a member of Lok Sabha.
Term - The President of India is elected for a term of five years unless removed earlier by the Parliament for violating the constitution. This process by which the President is removed from office is called impeachment.
Powers of the president - The constitution confers upon the President of India a wide variety of powers. The main among these are as follows:
Legislative powers - The President has to:
- To summon the houses of one session or both sessions
- Nominate members to the Parliament
- Prorogue a session of either or both Houses
- Address the first session of the Lok Sabha
- Give or withhold assent to the bills passed by the Parliament (however, if the same bill is presented again with or without amendments, assent must be given)
- Dissolve the Lok Sabha
- Promulgate ordinances when the Parliament is not in session, that is, pass temporary parliamentary Acts
- Summon a joint session of the Houses when there is a deadlock over a bill between the two Houses of Parliament
Executive powers - The President is the head of the executive branch of the union government. All actions of the government are thus taken in the name of the President. The President has executive powers:
- The power to appoint and remove the Prime minister
- The power to appoint and remove the ministers from the Council of Ministers on the advice of the prime minister
- Appointing the state governors and members of the Election Commission, among others on the advice of the Prime Minister
Judicial powers - The President has executive powers:
- Grant pardon to a person convicted of any offence
- Appoint the judges of the Supreme Court, High Courts and the Attorney-General
Emergency powers - The President has the powers to declare a national emergency if the country's security is threatened by war; a state emergency if there is a breakdown of constitutional machinery in any state; and a financial emergency when the financial stability of the country is threatened. During an emergency, the fundamental rights of the citizens remain suspended.
List of the Presidents of India:
1. Dr. Rajendra Prasad (1884-1963)
Tenure of Post: 26 January, 1950 to 13 May, 1962
2. Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1888-1975)
Tenure of Post: 13 May, 1962 to 13 May, 1967
3. Dr. Zakir Husain (1897-1969)
Tenure of Post: 13 May, 1967 to 3 May, 1969
4. Shri Varahagiri Venkata Giri (1894-1980)
Tenure of Post: 3 May, 1969 to 20 July, 1969 and 24 August, 1969 to 24 August, 1974
5. Dr. Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed (1905-1977)
Tenure of Post: 24 August, 1974 to 11 February, 1977
6. Shri Neelam Sanjiva Reddy (1913-1996)
Tenure of Post: 25 July, 1977 to 25 July, 1982
7. Giani Zail Singh (1916-1994)
Tenure of Post: 25 July, 1982 to 25 July, 1987
8. Shri R Venkataraman (1910-2009)
Tenure of Post: 25 July, 1987 to 25 July, 1992
9. Dr Shankar Dayal Sharma (1918-1999)
Tenure of Post: 25 July, 1992 to 25 July, 1997
10. Shri K. R. Narayanan (1920 - 2005)
Tenure of Post: 25 July, 1997 to 25 July, 2002
11. DR. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (1931-2015)
Tenure of Post: 25 July, 2002 to 25 July, 2007
12. Smt Pratibha Devisingh Patil (Birth - 1934)
Tenure of Post: 25 July, 2007 to 25 July, 2012
13. Shri Pranab Mukherjee (1935-2020)
Tenure of Post: 25 July, 2012 to 25 July, 2017
14. Shri Ram Nath Kovind (Birth- 1945)
Since 25 July 2017 - 25 July 2022
15. Smt. Droupadi Murmu (Birth- 1958)
Since 25 July 2022 - Till Now
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| The President of India |
Last Update - 25/07/2022
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